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In Italian law, Article 41-bis of the Prison Administration Act (also known as Italy's "hard prison regime") is a provision that allows the Minister of Justice or the Minister of the Interior to suspend certain prison regulations. Currently it is used against people imprisoned for particular crimes: Mafia involvement; drug-trafficking; homicide; aggravated robbery and extortion; kidnapping; importation, buying, possession or cession of huge amounts of drugs; and crimes committed for terrorism or for subversion of the constitutional system.〔(Long Distance Proceedings Through Videoconference: The Italian Experience ), Ministry of Justice (Italy) at the Tenth United Nations Congress on the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders, Vienna, April 10–11, 2000〕 It is suspended only when a prisoner co-operates with the authorities, when a court annuls it, or when a prisoner dies. The Surveillance Court of Rome is the court competent on nationwide level on appeals against the 41-bis decree. ==Restrictive measures== The system was essentially intended to cut inmates off completely from their original milieu and to separate them from their former criminal associates. Measures normally include bans on: *the use of the telephone; *all association or correspondence with other prisoners; *meetings with third parties; *receiving or sending sums of money over a set amount; *receiving parcels (other than those containing linen) from the outside; *organising cultural, recreational or sporting activities; *voting or standing in elections for prisoner representatives; and *taking part in arts-and-crafts activities, etc., as well as restrictions on visits from members of the family (once per month and visitors are only allowed to communicate by intercom through thick glass). 〔(Strasbourg court jurisprudence and human rights in Italy: An overview of litigation, implementation and domestic reform ), Juristras State of the Art Report by Marcello Flores, Anna Cesano & Sara Valentina Di Palma, University of Siena〕〔Jamieson, ''The Antimafia'', p. 45-46〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Article 41-bis prison regime」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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